Free eBooks How We Know What Isn't So: Fallibility Of Human Reason In Everyday Life Available To Downloads

                
              
Free eBooks 
How We Know What Isn't So: Fallibility Of Human Reason In Everyday Life Available To Downloads
Thomas Gilovich offers a wise and readable guide to the fallacy of the obvious in everyday life.When can we trust what we believe—that "teams and players have winning streaks," that "flattery works," or that "the more people who agree, the more likely they are to be right"—and when are such beliefs suspect? Thomas Gilovich offers a guide to the fallacy of the obvious in everyday life. Illustrating his points with examples, and supporting them with the latest research findings, he documents the cognitive, social, and motivational processes that distort our thoughts, beliefs, judgments and decisions. In a rapidly changing world, the biases and stereotypes that help us process an overload of complex information inevitably distort what we would like to believe is reality. Awareness of our propensity to make these systematic errors, Gilovich argues, is the first step to more effective analysis and action.
File Size: 393 KB
Print Length: 228 pages
Page Numbers Source ISBN: 0029117062
Publisher: Free Press; Reprint edition (June 30, 2008)
Publication Date: June 30, 2008
Sold by:  Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B001D1SS2M
Text-to-Speech:  Enabled
X-Ray:     Not Enabled
Word Wise: Enabled
Lending: Not Enabled
Enhanced Typesetting:  Not Enabled
Best Sellers Rank: #75,835 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)   #21 in Kindle Store > Kindle eBooks > Nonfiction > Politics & Social Sciences > Philosophy > Logic & Language   #34 in Kindle Store > Kindle eBooks > Health, Fitness & Dieting > Counseling & Psychology > Child Psychology > Development   #74 in Kindle Store > Kindle eBooks > Health, Fitness & Dieting > Counseling & Psychology > Social Psychology & Interactions
Mr. Gilovich says ". . . there are inherent biases in the data upon which we base our beliefs, biases that must be recognized and overcome if we are to arrive at sound judgments and valid beliefs." The cost of these biases is real and severe. This book explains why people are prone to wrong thinking, and ways they can counteract this.Here are points that Mr. Gilovich made:1. Seeing Order in Randomness - We all have a natural tendency to see order in data, even when the data is totally random and irregular. We do this even when we have no personal reason to see order. This happens especially when we remember facts from the past. Our memory plays tricks on us by emphasizing any possible patterns, and forgetting irregularities that might refute the patterns. For instance, basketball players often think that if they make one successful basket, then they are more likely to make the next basket - because they remember times when this has happened to them. "When you're hot, you're hot." However, objective statistical studies done on when successful baskets are made show that, if anything, the opposite is true.This natural tendency to misconstrue random events is called the "clustering illusion." Chance events often seem to us to have some order to them, but when the law of averages is applied objectively, this order disappears. This error is compounded when our active imagination tries to create theories for why there should be order. Because of this, we need to be careful when we draw conclusions based on a sequence we think we see in some data.2. Looking for Confirmation - We all have a natural tendency to look for "yes" instead of "no." If we have an idea, we tend to look for evidence that will confirm our idea, not evidence that will disprove it.
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